Knowledge Matters

Understanding knowledge relationships

visualisation

A little while ago I wrote a post titled “Visualisations Are Not Everything” . Here’s a good example, which uses data from Google Scholar to show collaboration between Iranian Nuclear Physicists. The data is visualised in UCINET/NetDraw and NetMiner III, and shows the dangers of incomplete data sets, poor interpretation, and poor understanding of how to use the tools.


Consider the network diagram below, which has been visualised in UCINET/NetDraw. The nodes are Iranian Nuclear Physicists, and the red nodes are the network cut points – that is the individuals who are holding the network together.


Iranian Nuclear Physicists


How Much Communication is Enough?

I've just finished a very simple social network analysis exercise for an organisation of 121 people. The alleged problem according to the very vocal few, the most vocal of whom is a recognised white knight , was that "there is no communication in this organisation". The CEO to his credit decided to do something about it, but first he wanted objective data. He did not want an expensive exercise that took weeks to collect data: rather he wanted a simple exercise that would give him a feel for the problem, after which he would decide whether or not a complete social or organisational network analysis would be required. The map below is the gross result.


complete communication network


Now a few things a worth noting. The network is a complete closed network; that is there are no isolates, and in fact there is only one pendant (at one o'clock). This probably reflects the very high response rate (116 of 121) and the question (more on that in a moment). The density of the network is 0.226. So what does this mean?


Visualisations Are Not Everything!

organisational networkIt's very easy to become enamoured with the visualisations and potential of network analysis, and see it as an end unto itself. This is one reason why I think that network analysis is a diagnostic methodology. It can aid understanding, but there are obvious limitations. For example any visualisation is a representation, or report of, data collected at particular time in a particular place. We all know human systems are dynamic, so it's reasonable to assume data will degrade and the network will change.

It is also a common mistake to think the visualisation, or the data matrix, represent analysis: they do not! I think Drew Conway , who is a political scientist, makes the point very well when he says:

"Simply because your data links people and you can visualize that, it does not mean you have performed network analysis. This is akin to displaying a line plot of some stock's price over a quarter and claiming you have performed statistical analysis-no-you have reported data. As with all other statistical processes, network analysis is meant to draw meaning and inference from the structure, which requires an understanding of these methodologies, their strengths and limitations".

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